Stable vortex in Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter

TL;DR

This paper explores the stability of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter, finding that single-charged vortices are stable and could influence galactic structures.

Contribution

It demonstrates analytically and numerically that single-charged vortex solitons in BEC dark matter are stable over cosmic timescales, unlike multi-charged vortices.

Findings

Single-charged vortices are extremely robust.

Multi-charged vortices are unstable.

Vortex states can impact galactic dynamics.

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most fascinating unresolved challenges of modern physics. One of the perspective hypotheses suggests that DM consists of ultralight bosonic particles in the state of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The superfluid nature of BEC must dramatically affect the properties of DM matter including quantization of the angular momentum. Angular momentum quantum in the form of a vortex line is expected to produce a considerable impact on the luminous matter in galaxies including density distribution and rotation curves. We investigate the evolution of spinning DM cloud with typical galactic halo mass and radius. Analytically and numerically stationary vortex soliton states with different topological charges have been analyzed. It has been shown that while all multi-charged vortex states are unstable, a single-charged vortex soliton is extremely robust and survives during the lifetime of the Universe.