Dynamically Switching Human Prediction Models for Efficient Planning

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method for robots to dynamically select among multiple human prediction models during planning, balancing computational efficiency and prediction accuracy in human-robot interaction scenarios.

Contribution

It proposes an online model switching approach that assesses potential performance gains to choose the most suitable human model, improving efficiency without sacrificing accuracy.

Findings

Achieves comparable performance to always using the best model

Reduces computational load significantly

Demonstrates effectiveness in a driving simulator environment

Abstract

As environments involving both robots and humans become increasingly common, so does the need to account for people during planning. To plan effectively, robots must be able to respond to and sometimes influence what humans do. This requires a human model which predicts future human actions. A simple model may assume the human will continue what they did previously; a more complex one might predict that the human will act optimally, disregarding the robot; whereas an even more complex one might capture the robot's ability to influence the human. These models make different trade-offs between computational time and performance of the resulting robot plan. Using only one model of the human either wastes computational resources or is unable to handle critical situations. In this work, we give the robot access to a suite of human models and enable it to assess the performance-computation trade-off online. By estimating how an alternate model could improve human prediction and how that may translate to performance gain, the robot can dynamically switch human models whenever the additional computation is justified. Our experiments in a driving simulator showcase how the robot can achieve performance comparable to always using the best human model, but with greatly reduced computation.