Globally visible singularity in an astrophysical setup

TL;DR

This paper investigates conditions under which singularities formed by gravitational collapse in astrophysical objects can be globally visible, demonstrating their stability and potential occurrence in real astrophysical scenarios.

Contribution

It shows the existence and stability of globally visible singularities in astrophysical collapse models and explores their possible formation in various cosmic settings.

Findings

Globally visible singularities can form in astrophysical collapse scenarios.

Such singularities are stable under small initial data perturbations.

Conditions for visibility in galaxies and primordial structures are identified.

Abstract

The global visibility of a singularity as an end state of the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric pressureless cloud is investigated. We show the existence of a non-zero measured set of parameters: the total mass and the initial mean density of the collapsing cloud, giving rise to a physically strong globally visible singularity as the end state for a fixed velocity function. The existence of such a set indicates that such singularity is stable under small perturbation in the initial data causing its existence. This is true for marginally as well as non-marginally bound cases. The possibility of the presence of such suitable parameters in the astrophysical setup is then studied: $1)$ The singularities' requirements at the center of the M87 galaxy and at the center of our galaxy (SgrA*) to be globally visible are discussed in terms of the initial size of the collapsing cloud forming them, presuming that such singularities are formed due to gravitational collapse. $2)$ The requirement for the primordial singularities formed due to a collapsing configuration after getting detached from the background universe, at the time of matter-dominated era just after the time of matter-radiation equality, to be globally visible, is discussed. $3)$ The scenario of the collapse of a neutron star after reaching a critical mass, which is achieved by accreting the supernova ejecta expelled by its binary companion core progenitor, is considered. The primary aim of this paper is to show that globally visible singularities can form in astrophysical setups under appropriate circumstances.