Spontaneous symmetry breakings in the singlet scalar Yukawa model within the auxiliary field method

TL;DR

This paper investigates spontaneous symmetry breaking in a fermion-scalar Yukawa model using the auxiliary field method, analyzing gap equations and effective action to understand mass generation and the role of auxiliary fields.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of symmetry breaking in the Yukawa model through coupled renormalized gap equations and the effective action, highlighting the impact of renormalization.

Findings

Renormalization significantly affects the physical gaps.

Auxiliary fields help define composite states and compute the effective action.

The study clarifies the connection between auxiliary fields and symmetry breaking.

Abstract

The aim of this work is to investigate the occurrence of two different spontaneous symmetry breakings {at} two levels of the description of fermion-scalar field model, by means of a set of gap equations and {with} a background field effective action. For that, we consider the Yukawa model, as a toy model for interactions between non-massive fermions intermediated by a self-interacting real scalar field. This model has at stakes two symmetries at the classical level that, as we know, might be spontaneously or dynamically broken with mass generation for the particles. The auxiliary field method is considered and it produces coupled renormalized gap equations. The effective action is then written with quantum contributions by {the} external background {field} method. We brought to light how the renormalization procedure affects the physical gaps, investigate its properties, and discuss the connection between the auxiliary fields not only to define composite states but also to compute the effective action.