Rydberg blockade in an ultracold strontium gas revealed by two-photon excitation dynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the Rydberg blockade effect in an ultracold strontium gas by analyzing two-photon excitation dynamics, revealing interaction effects and extracting van der Waals coefficients.

Contribution

It demonstrates the interaction-induced blockade in ultracold strontium and quantitatively characterizes Rydberg interactions using a multi-pulse excitation method.

Findings

Rydberg blockade observed in ultracold Sr gas

Van der Waals coefficients extracted from dynamics

Atom losses as low as <1% identified

Abstract

We demonstrate the interaction-induced blockade effect in an ultracold $^{88}$Sr gas via studying the time dynamics of a two-photon excitation to the triplet Rydberg series $5\mathrm{s}n\mathrm{s}\, ^3\textrm{S}_1$ for five different principle quantum numbers $n$ ranging from 19 to 37. By using a multi-pulse excitation sequence to increase the detection sensitivity we could identify Rydberg-excitation-induced atom losses as low as $<1\%$. Based on an optical Bloch equation formalism, treating the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction on a mean-field level, the van der Waals coefficients are extracted from the observed dynamics, which agree fairly well with \emph{ab initio} calculations.