Introduction to Tidal Streams

TL;DR

This paper introduces tidal streams, explaining their formation from dwarf galaxy disruption, their discovery history, detection methods, and their significance in understanding galaxy formation and dark matter distribution.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of tidal streams, including their creation, observational techniques, and their role in studying galaxy evolution and dark matter.

Findings

Tidal streams result from dwarf galaxy disruption by larger galaxies.

Detection of tidal streams helps trace galaxy formation history.

Tidal streams inform dark matter distribution in galaxies.

Abstract

Dwarf galaxies that come too close to larger galaxies suffer tidal disruption; the differential gravitational force between one side of the galaxy and the other serves to rip the stars from the dwarf galaxy so that they instead orbit the larger galaxy. This process produces "tidal streams" of stars, which can be found in the stellar halo of the Milky Way, as well as in halos of other galaxies. This chapter provides a general introduction to tidal streams, including the mechanism through which the streams are created, the history of how they were discovered, and the observational techniques by which they can be detected. In addition, their use in unraveling galaxy formation history and the distribution of dark matter in galaxies is discussed, as is the interaction between these dwarf galaxy satellites and the disk of the larger galaxy.