Long characteristics vs. short characteristics in 3D radiative transfer simulations of polarized radiation

TL;DR

This paper compares short and long characteristics methods in 3D radiative transfer simulations of polarized solar radiation, highlighting the accuracy and computational efficiency differences for high-resolution models.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of SC and LC methods in polarized radiative transfer, recommending LC for more accurate results in high-resolution simulations.

Findings

LC method yields more accurate polarization signals.

SC method is computationally less demanding but introduces blurring.

LC is now available in the PORTA code.

Abstract

We compare maps of scattering polarization signals obtained from three-dimensional (3D) radiation transfer calculations in a magneto-convection model of the solar atmosphere using formal solvers based on the "short characteristics" (SC) and the "long characteristics" (LC) methods. The SC method requires less computational work, but it is known to introduce spatial blurring in the emergent radiation for inclined lines of sight. For polarized radiation this effect is generally more severe due to it being a signed quantity and to the sensitivity of the scattering polarization to the model's inhomogeneities. We study the differences in the polarization signals of the emergent spectral line radiation calculated with such formal solvers. We take as a case study already published results of the scattering polarization in the Sr I $4607~\unicode{xC5}$ line obtained with the SC method, demonstrating that in high-resolution grids it is accurate enough for that type of study. In general, the LC method is the preferred one for accurate calculations of the emergent radiation, reason why it is now one of the options in the public version of the 3D radiative transfer code PORTA.