Role of a periodic varying deceleration parameter in Particle creation with higher dimensional FLRW Universe

TL;DR

This paper investigates a higher-dimensional FLRW cosmological model with a periodically varying deceleration parameter, analyzing its effects on particle creation, cosmic evolution, and observational parameters, highlighting the role of periodicity in universe dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model with a periodic deceleration parameter in higher dimensions, exploring its impact on particle creation and cosmological quantities, aligning with recent observational trends.

Findings

Periodic behavior observed in deceleration parameter, energy density, and particle creation rate.

The model explains early and late universe evolution with cyclic features.

Physical parameters show consistency with recent cosmological observations.

Abstract

The present search focus on the mechanism of gravitationally influenced particle creation (PC) in higher dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) cosmological models with a cosmological constant (CC). The solution of the corresponding field equations is obtained by assuming a periodically varying deceleration parameter (PVDP) i.e. $q= m \cos kt - 1$ [Shen and Zhao, Chin. Phys. Lett., 31 (2014) 010401] which gives a scale factor $a(t) = a_0 \left[\tan \left(\frac{kt}{2}\right)\right]^\frac{1}{m}$, where $a_0$ is the scale factor at the current epoch. Here $k$ displays the PVDP periodicity and can be regarded as a parameter of cosmic frequency, $m$ is an enhancement element that increases the PVDP peak. Here, we investigated the periodic variation behavior of few quantities such as the deceleration parameter $q$, the energy density $\rho$, PC rate $\psi$, the entropy $S$, the CC $\Lambda$, Newton's gravitational constant $G$ and discuss their physical significance. We have also explored the density parameter, proper distance, angular distance, luminosity distance, apparent magnitude, age of the universe, and the look-back time with redshift $z$ and have observed the role of particle formation in-universe evolution in early and late times. The periodic nature of various physical parameters is also discussed which are supporting the recent observations.