Breathing solitons induced by collision in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates how collisions between bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates induce breathing dynamics, revealing asymmetric behaviors and the formation of new breathing solitons influenced by dipolar interactions.

Contribution

It provides a detailed numerical analysis of collision-induced breathing phenomena and clarifies the role of atom number asymmetry and phase difference in these dynamics.

Findings

Collision induces breathing oscillations in solitons.

Asymmetry in breathing frequency is caused by atom number differences.

New breathing solitons can form after collisions with adjustable amplitudes.

Abstract

We numerically study the breathing dynamics induced by collision between bright solitons in the one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates with strong dipole-dipole interaction. This breathing phenomenon is closely related to the after-collision short-lived attraction of solitons induced by the dipolar effect. The initial phase difference of solitons leads to the asymmetric dynamics after collision, which is manifested on their different breathing amplitude, breathing frequency, and atom number. We clarify that the asymmetry of breathing frequency is directly induced by the asymmetric atom number, rather than initial phase difference. Moreover, the collision between breathing solitons can produce new after-two-collision breathing solitons, whose breathing amplitude can be adjusted and reach the maximum (or minimum) when the peak-peak (or dip-dip) collision happens.