Experimental hierarchy and optimal robustness of quantum correlations of two-qubit states with controllable white noise

TL;DR

This paper experimentally investigates the hierarchy of quantum correlations in two-qubit Werner-like states with controllable white noise, revealing new regimes and robustness properties of quantum correlations beyond traditional Werner states.

Contribution

It experimentally demonstrates a hierarchy of quantum correlations in generalized Werner states, uncovering regimes not observable in standard Werner states and identifying states with maximal noise robustness.

Findings

Five parameter regimes of generalized Werner states identified.

Regimes where states are steerable but do not violate Bell inequalities.

Optimal states found that are more robust against white noise than Werner states.

Abstract

We demonstrate a hierarchy of various classes of quantum correlations on experimentally prepared two-qubit Werner-like states with controllable white noise. Werner states, which are white-noise-affected Bell states, are prototypal examples for studying such a hierarchy as a function of the amount of white noise. We experimentally generated Werner states and their generalizations, i.e., partially entangled pure states affected by white noise. These states enabled us to study the hierarchy of the following classes of correlations: separability, entanglement, steering in three- and two-measurement scenarios, and Bell nonlocality. We show that the generalized Werner states (GWSs) reveal fundamentally different aspects of the hierarchy compared to the Werner states. In particular, we find five different parameter regimes of the GWSs, including those steerable in a two-measurement scenario but not violating Bell inequalities. This regime cannot be observed for the usual Werner states. Furthermore, we find threshold curves separating different regimes of the quantum correlations and find the optimal states which allow for the largest amount of white noise, which does not destroy their specific quantum correlations (e.g., unsteerable entanglement). Thus, we could identify the optimal Bell-nondiagonal GWSs, which are, for this specific meaning, more robust against white noise compared to the Bell-diagonal GWSs (i.e., Werner states).