An Agent-Based Modelling Approach to Brain Drain

TL;DR

This paper presents an agent-based model to analyze brain drain, exploring how economic, social, and network factors influence skilled emigration, with implications for policymaking in developing countries.

Contribution

It introduces a novel agent-based simulation framework to study brain drain dynamics, incorporating social networks and multiple influencing factors.

Findings

Future socioeconomic conditions impact emigration more than current state.

Lack of barriers leads to higher emigration rates.

Social network effects amplify brain drain phenomena.

Abstract

The phenomenon of brain drain, that is the emigration of highly skilled people, has many undesirable effects, particularly for developing countries. In this study, an agent-based model is developed to understand the dynamics of such emigration. We hypothesise that skilled people's emigration decisions are based on several factors including the overall economic and social difference between the home and host countries, people's ability and capacity to obtain good jobs and start a life abroad, and the barriers of moving abroad. Furthermore, the social network of individuals also plays a significant role. The model is validated using qualitative and quantitative pattern matching with real-world observations. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are performed in addition to several scenario analyses. Linear and random forest response surface models are created to provide quick predictions on the number of emigrants as well as to understand the effect sizes of individual parameters. Overall, the study provides an abstract model where brain drain dynamics can be explored. Findings from the simulation outputs show that future socioeconomic state of the country is more important than the current state, lack of barriers results in a large number of emigrants, and network effects ensue compounding effects on emigration. Upon further development and customisation, future versions can assist in the decision-making of social policymakers regarding brain drain.