A Radiation-Balanced Silica Fiber Amplifier

TL;DR

This paper introduces the first radiation-balanced silica fiber amplifier that achieves optical gain without temperature increase by utilizing anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling, marking a significant step for ultra-stable laser development.

Contribution

It presents the design and experimental validation of a silica fiber amplifier that maintains thermal equilibrium during operation, enabling ultra-stable laser sources.

Findings

Achieved 17 dB gain with minimal temperature rise.

Demonstrated effective ASF cooling in a highly doped silica fiber.

Validated temperature stability with mK resolution measurements.

Abstract

We report what we believe to be the first radiation-balanced fiber amplifier - a device that provides optical gain while experiencing no temperature rise. The gain medium is a silica fiber with a 21 um-diameter core highly doped with Yb3+ (2.52 wt.%) and co doped with 2.00 wt.% Al to reduce concentration quenching. The amplifier was core-pumped with 1040 nm light to create anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF) cooling and gain in the core at 1064 nm. Using a custom slow-light FBG sensor with mK resolution, temperature measurements were performed at multiple locations along the amplifier fiber. A 4.35-m fiber pumped with 2.62 W produced 17 dB of gain while the average fiber temperature remained slightly below room temperature. This advancement is a fundamental step toward the creation of ultra-stable lasers necessary to many applications, especially low-noise sensing and high-precision metrology.