A derivation of the Doppler factor in the Lienard-Wiechert potentials
Calin Galeriu

TL;DR
This paper provides a clear derivation of the Doppler factor within the Lienard-Wiechert potentials for extended particles, utilizing a theorem related to worldtube cross-sections, enhancing understanding of relativistic electromagnetic fields.
Contribution
It introduces a novel derivation method for the Doppler factor in Lienard-Wiechert potentials using Synge's theorem on worldtube cross-sections, applicable to extended particles.
Findings
Derivation clarifies the Doppler factor in electromagnetic potentials.
Method applies to extended particles, not just point charges.
Enhances theoretical understanding of relativistic electromagnetic fields.
Abstract
We present an elegant derivation of the Doppler factor in the Lienard-Wiechert potentials of an extended particle, based on a theorem authored by J. L. Synge and dealing with cross-sections through worldtubes.
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