Tunable bandgaps and symmetry breaking in magneto-mechanical metastructures inspired by multi-layer 2D materials

TL;DR

This paper presents a new paradigm for magneto-mechanical metastructures inspired by multi-layer 2D materials, demonstrating tunable bandgaps and symmetry breaking through experimental manipulation of stacking patterns and twist angles.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to designing magneto-mechanical metastructures that mimic multi-layer 2D materials, showing how stacking and twist angles affect phonon spectra.

Findings

Switching stacking patterns alters phonon bandgaps.

Twist angle tuning enables control over dynamical response.

Experimental demonstration of bandgap opening and closing.

Abstract

In this Letter, we introduce a paradigm to realize magneto-mechanical metastructures inspired by multi-layer 2D materials, such as graphene bilayers. The metastructures are intended to capture two aspects of their nanoscale counterparts. One is the multi-layer geometry, which is implemented by stacking hexagonal lattice sheets. The other is the landscape of weak inter-layer forces, which is mimicked by the interactions between pairs of magnets located at corresponding lattice sites on adjacent layers. We illustrate the potential of this paradigm through a three-layer prototype. The two rigid outer lattices serve as control layers, while the thin inner layer is free to experience flexural motion under the confining action of the magnetic forces exchanged with the outer ones, thus behaving as a lattice on elastic foundation. The inner layer is free to rotate relatively to the others, giving rise to a rich spectrum of inter-layer interaction patterns. Our objective is to determine how the dynamical response can be tuned by changing the twist angle between the layers. Specifically, we demonstrate experimentally that switching between different stacking patterns has profound consequences on the phonon landscape, opening and closing bandgaps in different frequency regimes.