Multi-fluid hydrodynamics in charge density waves with collective, electronic, and solitonic densities and currents

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive multi-fluid hydrodynamic framework to analyze charge density waves, incorporating topological defects, collective modes, and electric fields, enabling detailed study of their dynamics and interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel set of equations for multi-fluid hydrodynamics in charge density waves, accounting for defects, solitons, and electric fields, with analytical and numerical solutions provided.

Findings

Analytical solutions for field distributions around dislocations.

Numerical modeling of nonlinear screening by phase solitons.

Framework for studying defect dynamics and charge transformations.

Abstract

We present a general scheme to approach the space - time evolution of deformations, currents, and the electric field in charge density waves related to appearance of intrinsic topological defects: dislocations, their loops or pairs, and solitons. We derive general equations for the multi-fluid hydrodynamics taking into account the collective mode, electric field, normal electrons, and the intrinsic defects. These equations may allow to study the transformation of injected carriers from normal electrons to new periods of the charge density wave, the collective motion in constrained geometry, and the plastic states and flows. As an application, we present analytical and numerical solutions for distributions of fields around an isolated dislocation line in the regime of nonlinear screening by the gas of phase solitons.