Understanding the Complexity of Detecting Political Ads

TL;DR

This paper examines the challenges in reliably distinguishing political ads from non-political ads, revealing significant disagreements among platforms, the public, and advertisers, especially regarding social issue ads, which complicates regulation efforts.

Contribution

It provides an empirical analysis of perceptions of political ads, highlighting the divergence in definitions among key stakeholders and emphasizing the importance of social issue ads in political classification.

Findings

Significant disagreement on what constitutes political ads.

Diverging opinions on social issue ads as political.

Implications for political advertising regulation.

Abstract

Online political advertising has grown significantly over the last few years. To monitor online sponsored political discourse, companies such as Facebook, Google, and Twitter have created public Ad Libraries collecting the political ads that run on their platforms. Currently, both policymakers and platforms are debating further restrictions on political advertising to deter misuses. This paper investigates whether we can reliably distinguish political ads from non-political ads. We take an empirical approach to analyze what kind of ads are deemed political by ordinary people and what kind of ads lead to disagreement. Our results show a significant disagreement between what ad platforms, ordinary people, and advertisers consider political and suggest that this disagreement mainly comes from diverging opinions on which ads address social issues. Overall our results imply that it is important to consider social issue ads as political, but they also complicate political advertising regulations.