Magnetic Helicity Flux across Solar Active Region Photospheres: II. Association of Hemispheric Sign Preference with Flaring Activity during Solar Cycle 24

TL;DR

This study explores the relationship between hemispheric sign preference of magnetic helicity flux and solar flaring activity during cycle 24, revealing that regions with lower HSP compliance tend to have higher flaring rates, especially in the southern hemisphere.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the association between magnetic helicity flux hemispheric preferences and localized solar flaring activity across different active regions.

Findings

Regions with low HSP compliance show higher flaring activity.

The most flare-productive regions are located in the southern hemisphere.

A specific active region, NOAA 12673, significantly influences local flaring rates.

Abstract

In our earlier study of this series (Park et al. 2020, Paper I), we examined the hemispheric sign preference (HSP) of magnetic helicity flux $dH/dt$ across photospheric surfaces of 4802 samples of 1105 unique active regions (ARs) observed during solar cycle 24. Here, we investigate any association of the HSP, expressed as a degree of compliance, with flaring activity, analyzing the same set of $dH/dt$ estimates as used in Paper I. The AR samples under investigation are assigned to heliographic regions (HRs) defined in the Carrington longitude-latitude plane with a grid spacing of 45$^\circ$ in longitude and 15$^\circ$ in latitude. For AR samples in each of the defined HRs, we calculate the degree of HSP compliance and the average soft X-ray flare index. The strongest flaring activity is found to be in one distinctive HR with an extremely low HSP compliance of 41% as compared to the mean and standard deviation of 62% and 7%, respectively, over all HRs. This sole HR shows an anti-HSP (i.e., less than 50%) and includes the highly flare-productive AR NOAA 12673, however this AR is not uniquely responsible for the HR's low HSP. We also find that all HRs with the highest flaring activity are located in the southern hemisphere, and they tend to have lower degrees of HSP compliance. These findings point to the presence of localized regions of the convection zone with enhanced turbulence, imparting a greater magnetic complexity and a higher flaring rate to some rising magnetic flux tubes.