Resolving ultrahigh-contrast ultrashort pulses with single-shot cross-correlator at the photon noise limit

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the first single-shot measurement of ultrahigh laser pulse contrast at 10^13 using a novel cross-correlator, enabling precise characterization at the photon noise limit crucial for next-generation petawatt lasers.

Contribution

It introduces an ultrafast single-shot cross-correlator capable of measuring laser contrast at the photon noise limit of 10^13, surpassing previous capabilities.

Findings

Achieved contrast measurement limit of 10^13.

Identified photon noise as a fundamental detection limit.

Validated method on high-contrast laser systems.

Abstract

In strong-field physics experiments with intense lasers, it is of paramount importance to single-shot diagnose the temporal contrast between laser pulse peak and its noise pedestal. This allows fast optimization of pulse contrast and meaningful comparison with theory for each pulse shot, and it can help new outcomes from clean laser-plasma interactions. Thus far, high contrast ratios up to ~10^10, required by present petawatt (PW) class lasers, have been accessible in both generation and single-shot characterization. However, ultrahigh contrast ~10^13, required by the planned 200-PW lasers, challenges intense laser technology and remains an open question. This paper reports on the first demonstration of such an ultrahigh-contrast measurement by adapting single-shot cross-correlator (SSCC). We introduce an ultrafast method that enables to determine the SSCC detection limit. Our strategy mimics the test laser having known ultrahigh contrast in the measurement frame of time-to-space mapping. The ultimate contrast-measurement limit of 10^13 is achieved, which corresponds to the highest pulse intensity set by SSCC damage threshold and the lowest noise pedestal set by single-photon detection. As a consequence, photon noise in the detection is observed and increases as the noise pedestal reduces. The demonstrated measurement ability at the photon noise limit is applied to a high-contrast laser system based on second-harmonic generation and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification, suggesting accessible of ultrahigh contrast pulses.