First hitting times between a run-and-tumble particle and a stochastically-gated target

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the first hitting time between a run-and-tumble particle and a stochastically-gated target, revealing how target visibility and particle motion tuning affect hitting times and fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a model combining run-and-tumble particle dynamics with a stochastically-gated target, providing new insights into hitting time statistics and fluctuation behaviors.

Findings

Ballistic motion minimizes mean hitting time.

Large fluctuations occur for targets mostly visible.

Intermediate scaling regime $t^{-1/2}$ appears due to target intermittency.

Abstract

We study the first hitting time statistics between a one-dimensional run-and-tumble particle and a target site that switches intermittently between visible and invisible phases. The two-state dynamics of the target is independent of the motion of the particle, which can be absorbed by the target only in its visible phase. We obtain the mean first hitting time when the motion takes place in a finite domain with reflecting boundaries. Considering the turning rate of the particle as a tuning parameter, we find that ballistic motion represents the best strategy to minimize the mean first hitting time. However, the relative fluctuations of the first hitting time are large and exhibit non-monotonous behaviours with respect to the turning rate or the target transition rates. Paradoxically, these fluctuations can be the largest for targets that are visible most of the time, and not for those that are mostly invisible or rapidly transiting between the two states. On the infinite line, the classical asymptotic behaviour $\propto t^{-3/2}$ of the first hitting time distribution is typically preceded, due to target intermittency, by an intermediate scaling regime varying as $t^{-1/2}$. The extent of this transient regime becomes very long when the target is most of the time invisible, especially at low turning rates. In both finite and infinite geometries, we draw analogies with partial absorption problems.