FAST: FPGA-based Subgraph Matching on Massive Graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces FAST, an FPGA-based framework for scalable subgraph matching on large graphs, achieving significant speedups and enabling processing of billion-scale graphs on a single machine.

Contribution

It presents a novel CPU-FPGA co-designed framework with a new auxiliary data structure and FPGA algorithm, enabling efficient large-scale subgraph matching.

Findings

Up to 462x speedup over state-of-the-art algorithms.

Able to handle billion-scale graphs on a single machine.

Achieves massive parallelism and efficient memory utilization on FPGA.

Abstract

Subgraph matching is a basic operation widely used in many applications. However, due to its NP-hardness and the explosive growth of graph data, it is challenging to compute subgraph matching, especially in large graphs. In this paper, we aim at scaling up subgraph matching on a single machine using FPGAs. Specifically, we propose a CPU-FPGA co-designed framework. On the CPU side, we first develop a novel auxiliary data structure called candidate search tree (CST) which serves as a complete search space of subgraph matching. CST can be partitioned and fully loaded into FPGAs' on-chip memory. Then, a workload estimation technique is proposed to balance the load between the CPU and FPGA. On the FPGA side, we design and implement the first FPGA-based subgraph matching algorithm, called FAST. To take full advantage of the pipeline mechanism on FPGAs, task parallelism optimization and task generator separation strategy are proposed for FAST, achieving massive parallelism. Moreover, we carefully develop a BRAM-only matching process to fully utilize FPGA's on-chip memory, which avoids the expensive intermediate data transfer between FPGA's BRAM and DRAM. Comprehensive experiments show that FAST achieves up to 462.0x and 150.0x speedup compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm DAF and CECI, respectively. In addition, FAST is the only algorithm that can handle the billion-scale graph using one machine in our experiments.