Strong First Order Phase Transition and $B$ Violation in the Compact 341 Model

TL;DR

This paper investigates baryogenesis within a compact 341 gauge model, demonstrating a strong first order electroweak phase transition and B-violation via sphalerons, with numerical validation and Higgs mass considerations.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of the electroweak phase transition and baryon number violation in the compact 341 model using finite temperature effective potential methods.

Findings

Confirmed the existence of a strong first order EWPT in the model.

Identified Higgs mass regions compatible with the EWPT.

Highlighted B-violation via sphalerons during the phase transition.

Abstract

Baryogenesis in the context of the compact $SU\left( 3\right)_C\otimes SU\left( 4\right)_{L}\otimes U\left( 1\right)_X$ model is investigated. Using the finite temperature effective potential approach together with unitarity, stability and no ghost masses constraints, the existence of a strong first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) was shown and checked numerically during all steps of the spontaneous breakdown of the gauge symmetry of the model. Higgs masses regions fulfilling the EWPT criteria are also discussed. Moreover, and as a byproduct of our study, the B-violation via sphaleron was also emphasized.