Supernova 1987A: 3D Mixing and light curves for explosion models based on binary-merger progenitors

TL;DR

This study models 3D neutrino-driven explosions of binary-merger progenitors for SN 1987A, confirming key features like Ni-56 mixing and light-curve reproduction, and compares these with single-star models.

Contribution

It introduces detailed 3D explosion models based on binary-merger progenitors that successfully replicate observed supernova features, highlighting differences from single-star models.

Findings

Binary-merger models match observed supernova radii and luminosity peaks.

Explosions synthesize Ni-56 masses consistent with observations.

Outward Ni-56 mixing velocities exceed 3000 km/s, aligning with data.

Abstract

Six binary-merger progenitors of Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A) with properties close to those of the blue supergiant Sanduleak -69 202 are exploded by neutrino heating and evolved until long after shock breakout in three dimensions (3D), and continued for light-curve calculations in spherical symmetry. Our results confirm previous findings for single-star progenitors: (1) 3D neutrino-driven explosions with SN 1987A-like energies synthesize Ni-56 masses consistent with the radioactive light-curve tail; (2) hydrodynamic models mix hydrogen inward to minimum velocities below 40 km/s compatible with spectral observations of SN 1987A; and (3) for given explosion energy the efficiency of outward radioactive Ni-56 mixing depends mainly on high growth factors of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities at the (C+O)/He and He/H composition interfaces and a weak interaction of fast plumes with the reverse shock occurring below the He/H interface. All binary-merger models possess presupernova radii matching the photometric radius of Sanduleak -69 202 and a structure of the outer layers allowing them to reproduce the observed initial luminosity peak in the first about 7 days. Models that mix about 0.5 Msun of hydrogen into the He-shell and exhibit strong outward mixing of Ni-56 with maximum velocities exceeding the 3000 km/s observed for the bulk of ejected Ni-56 have light-curve shapes in good agreement with the dome of the SN 1987A light curve. A comparative analysis of the best representatives of our 3D neutrino-driven explosion models of SN 1987A based on single-star and binary-merger progenitors reveals that only one binary model fulfills all observational constraints, except one.