Characterization of high aspect ratio TiAu TES X-ray microcalorimeters array using the X-IFU Frequency Domain Multiplexing readout

TL;DR

This paper reports on the development and characterization of high aspect ratio TiAu TES X-ray microcalorimeters using FDM readout, demonstrating energy resolution suitable for space and physics applications.

Contribution

It introduces a new array of high aspect ratio TiAu TES microcalorimeters and evaluates their performance with FDM readout, achieving record energy resolution in Europe.

Findings

Achieved ~2.5 eV energy resolution at 5.9 keV

Demonstrated high aspect ratio TES arrays up to 6:1

Validated suitability for space and physics experiments

Abstract

We are developing X-ray microcalorimeters as a backup option for the baseline detectors in the X-IFU instrument on board the ATHENA space mission led by ESA and to be launched in the early 2030s.5$\times$5 mixed arrays with TiAu transition-edge sensor (TES), which have different high aspect ratios and thus high resistances, have been designed and fabricated to meet the energy resolution requirement of the X-IFU instrument. Such arrays can also be used to optimise the performance of the Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) readout and lead to the final steps for the fabrication of a large detector array. In this work we present the experimental results from tens of the devices with an aspect ratio (length-to-width) ranging from 1-to-1 up to 6-to-1, measured in a single-pixel mode with a FDM readout system developed at SRON/VTT. We observed a nominal energy resolution of about 2.5 eV at 5.9 keV at bias frequencies ranging from 1 to 5 MHz. These detectors are proving to be the best TES microcalorimeters ever reported in Europe, being able to meet not only the requirements of the X-IFU instrument, but also those of other future challenging X-ray space missions, fundamental physics experiments, plasma characterization and material analysis.