Performance of dopamine modified 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 filler in PVDF nanocomposite as flexible energy storage and harvester

TL;DR

This study demonstrates a dopamine-modified ceramic-polymer composite that exhibits enhanced dielectric, energy storage, and harvesting properties, making it promising for flexible energy devices.

Contribution

It introduces a dopamine surface functionalization method for ceramic fillers in PVDF composites, improving dispersion and electrical performance for energy storage and harvesting.

Findings

Maximum energy storage density of 0.72 J/cm³ at 10 wt% filler

Breakdown strength of 134 KV/mm achieved

Enhanced piezoelectric and dielectric properties for energy applications

Abstract

We demonstrate the potential of dopamine modified 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 filler incorporated poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite prepared by solution cast method as both flexible energy storage and harvesting devices. The introduction of dopamine in filler surface functionalization acts as bridging elements between filler and polymer matrix and results in a better filler dispersion and an improved dielectric loss tangent (<0.02) along with dielectric permittivity ranges from 9 to 34 which is favorable for both energy harvesting and storage. Additionally, a significantly low DC conductivity (< 10-9 ohm-1cm-1) for all composites was achieved leading to an improved breakdown strength and charge accumulation capability. Maximum breakdown strength of 134 KV/mm and corresponding energy storage density 0.72 J/cm3 were obtained from the filler content 10 weight%. The improved energy harvesting performance was characterized by obtaining a maximum piezoelectric charge constant (d33) = 78 pC/N, and output voltage (Vout) = 0.84 V along with maximum power density of 3.46 microW/cm3 for the filler content of 10 wt%. Thus, the results show 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/PVDF composite has the potential for energy storage and harvesting applications simultaneously that can significantly suppress the excess energy loss arises while utilizing different material.