Universal Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Electron Systems in Functional Oxides

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal method for fabricating two-dimensional electron systems in various functional oxides using thermal deposition of a monolayer of a reducing agent, overcoming previous material limitations.

Contribution

It demonstrates a simple, universal approach to create 2DESs in multiple oxides without complex over-layer growth techniques.

Findings

2DESs can be formed in various oxides using a monolayer of reducing agent

The method simplifies fabrication process for oxide-based 2DESs

Potential for broad application in oxide electronics

Abstract

Two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) in functional oxides are promising for applications, but their fabrication and use, essentially limited to SrTiO$_3$-based heterostructures, are hampered by the need of growing complex oxide over-layers thicker than 2~nm using evolved techniques. This work shows that thermal deposition of a monolayer of an elementary reducing agent suffices to create 2DESs in numerous oxides.