Experimental quantum simulation of superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem via antisqueezing

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental observation of equilibrium superradiant phase transition beyond the no-go theorem in a nuclear magnetic resonance system, utilizing antisqueezing to enhance quantum fluctuations and generate entangled states.

Contribution

It demonstrates a novel method to realize equilibrium SPT beyond the no-go theorem by employing antisqueezing, advancing quantum simulation and information processing.

Findings

Observation of superradiant phase transition beyond no-go theorem

Generation of entangled and squeezed Schrödinger cat states

Enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in NMR spectrum

Abstract

Superradiant phase transition (SPT) in thermal equilibrium, as a fundamental concept bridging the statistical physics and electrodynamics, can offer the key resources for quantum information science. Notwithstanding its fundamental and practical significances, equilibrium SPT has never been observed in experiments since the first proposal in the 1970s. Furthermore, the existence of equilibrium SPT in the cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems is still subject of ongoing debates, due to the no-go theorem induced by the so-called A2 term. Based on the platform of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), here we experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of equilibrium SPT beyond no-go theorem by introducing the antisqueezing effect. The mechanism relies on the antisqueezing that recovers the singularity of the ground state via exponentially enhancing the zero point fluctuation (ZPF) of system. The strong entanglement and squeezed Schrodinger cat states of spins are achieved experimentally in the superradiant phase, which may play an important role in fundamental tests of quantum theory, implementing quantum metrology and high-efficient quantum information processing. Our experiment also shows the antisqueezing-enhanced signal-to-noise rate (SNR) of NMR spectrum, providing a general method for implementing high-precision NMR experiments.