Atomic scale mechanisms controlling the oxidation of polyethylene: a first principles study

TL;DR

This study uses first principles calculations to analyze the atomic-scale mechanisms of polyethylene oxidation, revealing new reaction pathways and the influence of environment, which can improve kinetic models of polymer degradation.

Contribution

It provides novel first-principles insights into the oxidation mechanisms of polyethylene, challenging existing views and highlighting the role of hydroxyl radicals.

Findings

Hydroxyl radicals significantly influence hydroperoxide decomposition.

Alternative reaction pathways with lower activation energies were identified.

Environmental effects alter the reaction mechanisms and energies.

Abstract

Understanding the degradation mechanisms of aliphatic polymers by thermal oxidation and radio-oxidation is very important in order to assess their lifetime in a variety of industrial applications. We focus here on polyethylene as a prototypical aliphatic polymer. Kinetic models describing the time evolution of the concentration of chain defects and radicals species in the material identify a relevant step in the formation and subsequent decomposition of transient hydroperoxides species, finally leading to carbonyl defects, in particular ketones. In this paper we first summarize the most relevant mechanistic paths proposed in the literature for hydroperoxide formation and decomposition and, second, revisit them using first principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). We investigate the reaction paths for several chemical reactions, for both isolated alkane molecules and a crystalline model of polyethylene, and confirm, in some cases, the accepted activation energies; in some other cases, we challenge the accepted view finding alternative, more favourable, reaction paths for which we estimate the activation energy. We highlight the infuence of the environment -- crystalline or not -- on the outcome of some of the studied chemical reactions. A remarkable results of our calculations is that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the decomposition of hydroperoxides. Based on our findings, it should be possible to improve the set of equations and parameters used in current kinetic simulations of polyethylene radio-oxidation.