On k-folding map-germs and hidden symmetries of surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space

TL;DR

This paper investigates the local singularities of k-folding map-germs on surfaces in Euclidean and complex space, classifies their topological types, and reveals new geometric features related to surface symmetries.

Contribution

It introduces a stratification of the jet space for k-folding map-germs, classifies these germs on generic surfaces, and generalizes previous folding map results, uncovering new surface symmetries.

Findings

Stratification of jet space for k-folding map-germs

Topological classification of germs on generic surfaces

Discovery of new robust surface features

Abstract

Let $M$ be a smooth surface in $\mathbb R^3$ (or a complex surface in $\mathbb C^3$) and $k\geq 2$ be an integer. At any point on $M$ and for any plane in $\mathbb R^3$, we construct a holomorphic map-germ $(\mathbb C^2,0)\to(\mathbb C^3,0)$ of the form $F_k(x,y)= (x,y^k,f(x,y))$, called a $k$-folding map-germ. We study in this paper the local singularities of $k$-folding map-germs and relate them to the extrinsic differential geometry of $M$. More precisely, we (1) stratify the jet space of $k$-folding map-germs so that the strata of codimension $\le 4$ correspond to topologically equivalent $\mathcal A$-finitely determined germs; (2) obtain the topological classification of $k$-folding map-germs on generic surfaces in $\mathbb R^3$ (or $\mathbb C^3$); (3) generalise the work of Bruce-Wilkinson on folding maps ($k=2$); (4) recover, in a unified way, results obtained by considering the contact of surfaces with lines, planes and spheres; and (5) discover new robust features on smooth surfaces in $\mathbb R^3$.