On near-field coherent structures in circular and fractal orifice jets

TL;DR

This study uses Fourier-POD analysis on PIV data to compare near-field coherent structures in jets from circular and fractal orifices, revealing how orifice geometry affects vortex energy distribution and vorticity-velocity interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of how fractal versus circular orifice geometries influence near-field jet structures using Fourier-POD and vorticity-velocity relationship studies.

Findings

In circular jets, energy is mainly at wavenumber m=0, linked to Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices.

In fractal jets, modal energy peaks at azimuthal wavenumber m=4.

Orifice geometry affects the interaction between streamwise vorticity and velocity.

Abstract

To investigate the influence of the orifice geometry on near-field coherent structures in a jet, Fourier-POD is applied. Velocity and vorticity snapshots obtained from tomographic particle image velocimetry at the downstream distance of two equivalent orifice diameters are analysed. Jets issuing from a circular orifice and from a fractal orifice are examined, where the fractal geometry is obtained from a repeating fractal pattern applied to a base square shape. While in the round jet energy is mostly contained at wavenumber m=0, associated to the characteristic Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex rings, in the fractal jet modal structures at the fundamental azimuthal wavenumber m=4 capture the largest amount of energy. The second part of the study focuses on the relationship between streamwise vorticity and streamwise velocity, to characterise the role of the orifice geometry on the lift-up mechanism recently found to be active in turbulent jets. The averaging of the streamwise vorticity conditioned on intense positive fluctuations of streamwise velocity reveals a pair of vorticity structures of opposite sign flanking the conditioning point, inducing a radial flow towards the jet periphery. This pair of structures is observed in both jets, even if the azimuthal extent of this pattern is 30% larger in the jet issuing from the circular orifice. This evidences that the orifice geometry directly influences the interaction between velocity and vorticity.