The different responses of universities to introduction of performance-based research funding

TL;DR

This study examines how Italian universities' research productivity changed after implementing performance-based funding, revealing convergence in performance levels and notable improvements among lower performers, especially in southern Italy.

Contribution

It provides a bibliometric analysis of university responses to PBFRS, highlighting performance convergence and regional differences in Italy.

Findings

Performance levels converged among universities.

Lower-performing universities showed significant improvement.

Southern universities experienced the greatest relative gains.

Abstract

Governments and organizations design performance-based research funding systems (PBFRS) for strategic aims, such as to selectively allocate scarce resources and stimulate research efficiency. In this work we analyze the relative change in research productivity of Italian universities after the introduction of such a system, featuring financial and reputational incentives. Using a bibliometric approach, we compare the relative research performance of universities before and after introduction of PBFRS, at the overall, discipline and field levels. The findings show convergence in the universities' performance, due above all to the remarkable improvement of the lowest performers. Geographically, the universities of the south (versus central and northern Italy) achieved the greatest improvement in relative performance. The methodology, and results, should be of use to university management and policy-makers.