The high dimensional Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary and radial symmetry

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-term behavior and spreading dynamics of a high-dimensional, radially symmetric Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary, revealing new phenomena and precise estimates for different kernel functions.

Contribution

It introduces new techniques to analyze the high-dimensional model, determining threshold conditions for accelerated spreading and deriving sharp estimates for spreading profiles, which differ from the one-dimensional case.

Findings

Logarithmic shifting occurs for kernels with compact support, unlike in one dimension.

Exact range of kernel decay rates where accelerated spreading occurs is identified.

Sharp estimates of spreading profiles are obtained for specific kernel classes.

Abstract

We study the radially symmetric high dimensional Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary, and reveal some fundamental differences from its one dimensional version considered in \cite{cdjfa} recently. Technically, this high dimensional problem is much more difficult to treat since it involves two kernel functions which arise from the original kernel function $J(|x|)$ in rather implicit ways. By introducing new techniques, we are able to determine the long-time dynamics of the model, including firstly finding the threshold condition on the kernel function that governs the onset of accelerated spreading, and the determination of the spreading speed when it is finite. Moreover, for two important classes of kernel functions, sharp estimates of the spreading profile are obtained. More precisely, for kernel functions with compact support, we show that logarithmic shifting occurs from the finite wave speed propagation, which is strikingly different from the one dimension case; for kernel functions $J(|x|)$ behaving like $|x|^{-\beta}$ for $x\in\R^N$ near infinity, we obtain the rate of accelerated spreading when $\beta\in (N, N+1]$, which is the exact range of $\beta$ where accelerated spreading is possible. These sharp estimates are obtained by constructing subtle upper and lower solutions, based on careful analysis of the involved kernel functions.