Cosmology from confinement?

TL;DR

This paper introduces holographic models that connect confining 3D theories with 4D cosmological spacetimes, providing a new perspective on big-bang/big-crunch cosmologies via dual gravitational descriptions.

Contribution

It constructs a novel class of holographic models linking confining 3D CFTs with 4D cosmologies, including explicit examples with ${ m N}=4$ SYM and superconformal theories.

Findings

Dual geometries resemble Euclidean wormholes connecting 3D CFTs.

The models can describe big-bang/big-crunch cosmologies in a holographic framework.

Explicit examples relate to brane-antibrane systems and their instabilities.

Abstract

We describe a class of holographic models that may describe the physics of certain four-dimensional big-bang / big-crunch cosmologies. The construction involves a pair of 3D Euclidean holographic CFTs each on a homogeneous and isotropic space $M$ coupled at either end of an interval ${\cal I}$ to a Euclidean 4D CFT on $M \times {\cal I}$ with many fewer local degrees of freedom. We argue that in some cases, when the size of $M$ is much greater than the length of ${\cal I}$, the theory flows to a gapped / confining three-dimensional field theory on $M$ in the infrared, and this is reflected in the dual description by the asymptotically AdS spacetimes dual to the two 3D CFTs joining up in the IR to give a Euclidean wormhole. The Euclidean construction can be reinterpreted as generating a state of Lorentzian 4D CFT on $M \times {\rm time}$ whose dual includes the physics of a big-bang / big-crunch cosmology. When $M$ is $\mathbb{R}^3$, we can alternatively analytically continue one of the $\mathbb{R}^3$ directions to get an eternally traversable four-dimensional planar wormhole. We suggest explicit microscopic examples where the 4D CFT is ${\cal N}=4$ SYM theory and the 3D CFTs are superconformal field theories with opposite orientation. In this case, the two geometries dual to the pair of 3D SCFTs can be understood as a geometrical version of a brane-antibrane pair, and the tendency of the geometries to connect up is related to the standard instability of brane-antibrane systems.