On Axiomatic Characterization of Alexander-Spanier Normal Homology Theory of General Topological Spaces

TL;DR

This paper develops an axiomatic framework for Alexander-Spanier normal homology, demonstrating its equivalence to Steenrod homology on compact spaces and connecting it to classical cohomology theories.

Contribution

It introduces an Alexander-Spanier normal homology theory for general topological spaces and provides an axiomatic characterization, linking it to existing homology theories.

Findings

Proves isomorphism between Alexander-Spanier and Alexandroff-Cech normal cohomology.

Constructs an exact Alexander-Spanier normal homology theory for general spaces.

Shows the homology theory is isomorphic to Steenrod homology on compact pairs.

Abstract

The Alexandroff-\v{C}ech normal cohomology theory [Mor$_1$], [Bar], [Ba$_1$],[Ba$_2$] is the unique continuous extension \cite{Wat} of the additive cohomology theory [Mil], [Ber-Mdz$_1$] from the category of polyhedral pairs $\mathcal{K}^2_{Pol}$ to the category of closed normally embedded, the so called, $P$-pairs of general topological spaces $\mathcal{K}^2_{Top}$. In this paper we define the Alexander-Spanier normal cohomology theory based on all normal coverings and show that it is isomorphic to the Alexandroff-\v{C}ech normal cohomology. Using this fact and methods developed in [Ber-Mdz$_3$] we construct an exact, the so called, Alexander-Spanier normal homology theory on the category $\mathcal{K}^2_{Top},$ which is isomorphic to the Steenrod homology theory on the subcategory of compact pairs $\mathcal{K}^2_{C}.$ Moreover, we give an axiomatic characterization of the constructed homology theory.