Convergence rate to the Tracy-Widom laws for the largest eigenvalue of Wigner matrices

TL;DR

This paper establishes that the largest eigenvalue of Wigner matrices converges to Tracy-Widom laws at a rate of approximately N^{-1/3}, improving previous convergence rate bounds and employing advanced Green function techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a refined convergence rate for the largest eigenvalue of Wigner matrices to Tracy-Widom laws using a Green function comparison method with enhanced error estimates.

Findings

Convergence rate to Tracy-Widom laws is O(N^{-1/3+})

Improves previous rate O(N^{-2/9+}) for generalized Wigner matrices

Uses Green function flow and cumulant expansions for precise estimates

Abstract

We show that the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of a real symmetric or complex Hermitian Wigner matrix of size $N$ converge to the Tracy--Widom laws at a rate $O(N^{-1/3+\omega})$, as $N$ tends to infinity. For Wigner matrices this improves the previous rate $O(N^{-2/9+\omega})$ obtained by Bourgade [5] for generalized Wigner matrices. Our result follows from a Green function comparison theorem, originally introduced by Erd\H{o}s, Yau and Yin [19] to prove edge universality, on a finer spectral parameter scale with improved error estimates. The proof relies on the continuous Green function flow induced by a matrix-valued Ornstein--Uhlenbeck process. Precise estimates on leading contributions from the third and fourth order moments of the matrix entries are obtained using iterative cumulant expansions and recursive comparisons for correlation functions, along with uniform convergence estimates for correlation kernels of the Gaussian invariant ensembles.