The Bactrian Effect: Multiple Resonances and Light Dirac Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper explores a model where multiple dark gauge bosons create resonances that enable light Dirac dark matter to annihilate efficiently during freeze-out while evading CMB constraints, through destructive interference effects.

Contribution

It introduces a simple two-gauge-boson model with destructive interference to reconcile light Dirac dark matter annihilation with cosmological constraints.

Findings

Destructive interference enables viable light dark matter annihilation.

Parameter space regions satisfy both relic density and CMB constraints.

Multiple resonance effects are crucial for model success.

Abstract

The possibility of light dark matter (DM) annihilating through a dark photon (DP) which kinetically mixes (KM) with the Standard Model (SM) hypercharge field is a very attractive scenario. For DM in the interesting mass range below $\sim 1$ GeV, it is well known that bounds from the CMB provide a very strong model building constraint forcing the DM annihilation cross section to be roughly 3 orders of magnitude below that needed to reproduce the observed relic density. Under most circumstances this removes the possibility of an $s$-wave annihilation process for DM in this mass range as would be the case, e.g., if the DM were a Dirac fermion. In an extra-dimensional setup explored previously, it was found that the $s$-channel exchange of multiple gauge bosons could simultaneously encompass a suppressed annihilation cross section during the CMB era while also producing a sufficiently large annihilation rate during freeze-out to recover the DM relic density. In this paper, we analyze more globally the necessary requirements for this mechanism to work successfully and then realize them within the context of a simple model with two `dark' gauge bosons having masses of a similar magnitude and whose contributions to the annihilation amplitude destructively interfere. We show that if the DM mass threshold lies appropriately in the saddle region of this destructive interference between the two resonance humps it then becomes possible to satisfy these requirements simultaneously provided several ancillary conditions are met. The multiple constraints on the parameter space of this setup are then explored in detail to identify the phenomenologically successful regions.