APOGEE discovery of a chemically atypical star disrupted from NGC 6723 and captured by the Milky Way bulge

TL;DR

This study presents evidence that a nitrogen-enhanced star in the Milky Way bulge was likely ejected from a globular cluster, supporting the idea that such stars originate from disrupted clusters.

Contribution

First direct evidence linking a field star to globular cluster disruption through chemical and orbital analysis.

Findings

Star 2M18594405−3651518 has high nitrogen and s-process element enrichment.

The star's orbit suggests it was ejected from NGC 6723.

Supports the hypothesis that nitrogen-enhanced stars originate from disrupted globular clusters.

Abstract

The central (`bulge') region of the Milky Way is teeming with a significant fraction of mildly metal-deficient stars with atmospheres that are strongly enriched in cyanogen ($^{12}$C$^{14}$N). Some of these objects, which are also known as nitrogen-enhanced stars, are hypothesised to be relics of the ancient assembly history of the Milky Way. Although the chemical similarity of nitrogen-enhanced stars to the unique chemical patterns observed in globular clusters has been observed, a direct connection between field stars and globular clusters has not yet been proven. In this work, we report on high-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the bulge globular cluster NGC 6723, and the serendipitous discovery of a star, 2M18594405$-$3651518, located outside the cluster (near the tidal radius) but moving on a similar orbit, providing the first clear piece of evidence of a star that was very likely once a cluster member and has recently been ejected. Its nitrogen abundance ratio ([N/Fe]$\gtrsim + 0.94$) is well above the typical Galactic field-star levels, and it exhibits noticeable enrichment in the heavy $s$-process elements (Ce, Nd, and Yb), along with moderate carbon enrichment; all characteristics are known examples in globular clusters. This result suggests that some of the nitrogen-enhanced stars in the bulge likely originated from the tidal disruption of globular clusters.