Magnetic field generation from bubble collisions during first-order phase transition

TL;DR

This paper investigates how magnetic fields are generated during the early universe's first-order electroweak phase transition, focusing on bubble collisions and their potential to seed primordial magnetic fields constrained by observations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed calculation of magnetic field generation from bubble collisions during the electroweak phase transition, highlighting the ring-like magnetic fields formed in intersecting regions.

Findings

Ring-like magnetic fields are produced in bubble collision regions.

Generated magnetic fields could seed primordial magnetic fields.

Magnetic fields are constrained by intergalactic observations.

Abstract

We study the magnetic fields generation from the cosmological first-order electroweak phase transition. We calculate the magnetic field induced by the variation of the Higgs phase for two bubbles and three bubbles collisions. Our study shows that electromagnetic currents in the collision direction produce the ring-like magnetic field in the intersect regions of colliding bubbles, which may seed the primordial magnetic field that are constrained by intergalatic field observations.