Bulk acoustofluidic devices driven by thin-film transducers and whole-system resonance modes

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates through 3D simulations that integrated thin-film piezoelectric transducers can effectively excite bulk acoustofluidic resonance modes, offering a miniaturized alternative to traditional bulk transducers with comparable performance.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach using integrated thin-film transducers to excite bulk acoustofluidic modes, validated by numerical simulations showing comparable effectiveness to bulk transducers.

Findings

Thin-film transducers can generate comparable acoustic effects to bulk transducers.

Device performance relies on whole-system resonance and high Q-factor of the solid.

Thin-film transducers are insensitive to their own Q-factor and resonance properties.

Abstract

In acoustofluidics, acoustic resonance modes for fluid and microparticle handling are traditionally excited by bulk piezoelectric transducers. In this work, we demonstrate by numerical simulation in three dimensions (3D) that integrated piezoelectric thin-film transducers constituting less than 0.1% of the device work equally well. The simulations are done using a well-tested and experimentally validated numerical model. Our proof-of-concept example is a water-filled straight channel embedded in a mm-sized glass chip with a 1-um thick thin-film transducer made of (Al,Sc)N. We compute the acoustic energy, streaming, and radiation force, and show that it is comparable to that of a conventional silicon-glass device actuated by a bulk PZT transducer. The ability of the thin-film transducer to create the desired acoustofluidic effects in bulk acoustofluidic devices rely on three physical aspects: The in-plane-expansion of the thin-film transducer under the orthogonal applied electric field, the acoustic whole-system resonance of the device, and the high Q-factor of the elastic solid constituting the bulk part of the device. Consequently, the thin-film device is surprisingly insensitive to the Q-factor and resonance properties of the thin-film transducer.