A new analytic ram pressure profile for satellite galaxies

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new analytic ram pressure profile for satellite galaxies that accurately models the dependence on environment and epoch, improving upon previous models and impacting galaxy evolution predictions.

Contribution

The paper develops a universal analytic model for ram pressure profiles that better fits simulation data across different redshifts and halo masses, surpassing the traditional $eta$-profile.

Findings

The new profile accurately reproduces ram pressure dependence on halo mass, distance, and redshift.

Galaxies with high ram pressure experience significant stellar mass loss.

Ram pressure modeling influences galaxy star formation histories, especially at high redshifts.

Abstract

We present a new analytic fitting profile to model the ram pressure exerted over satellite galaxies on different environments and epochs. The profile is built using the information of the gas particle distribution in hydrodynamical simulations of groups and clusters of galaxies to measure the ram pressure directly. We show that predictions obtained by a previously introduced $\beta$-profile model can not consistently reproduce the dependence of the ram pressure on halocentric distance and redshift for a given halo mass. It features a systematic underestimation of the predicted ram pressure at high redshifts ($z > 1.5$), which increases towards the central regions of the haloes and it is independent of halo mass, reaching differences larger than two decades for satellites at $r<0.4R_\mathrm{vir}$. This behaviour reverses as redshift decreases, featuring an increasing over-estimation with halocentric distance at $z=0$. As an alternative, we introduce a new universal analytic model for the profiles which can recover the ram pressure dependence on halo mass, halocentric distance and redshift. We analyse the impact of our new profile on galaxy properties by applying a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation and evolution on top of the simulations. We show that galaxies experiencing large amounts of cumulative ram pressure stripping typically have low stellar masses ($M_\star \leq 10^{9.5} \text{M}_\odot$). Besides, their specific star formation histories depend on the ram pressure modelling applied, particularly at high redshifts ($z > 1.5$).