A feasibility Study of Time of Flight Computed Tomography for Breast Imaging

TL;DR

This study explores the feasibility of using Time of Flight (TOF) computed tomography with advanced detectors and sources to improve breast imaging quality and reduce scatter effects, potentially replacing traditional mammography.

Contribution

It demonstrates that TOF CBCT significantly enhances image contrast and reduces scatter in breast imaging simulations, indicating its potential for clinical application.

Findings

10 ps detector resolution improves CNR by 57% in small phantoms

5 ps resolution enhances breast phantom CNR by 12%

TOF reduces scatter-to-primary ratio, improving image quality

Abstract

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for breast imaging has potential to replace conventional mammograms. However, concerns over dose and image quality prevent CBBCT systems from the clinical trial phase to next stage. The time of flight (TOF) method was recently shown to reduce the x-ray scattering effects by 95% and improve the image CNR by 110% for large volume objects. The advancements in x-ray sources like in compact Free Electron Lasers (FEL) and advancements in detector technology show potential for the TOF method to be feasible in CBCT when imaging large objects. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of this TOF CBCT in improving the breast cancer imaging. The GATE software was used to simulate the cone beam CT imaging of an 8 cm diameter cylindrical water phantom using a modeled 20 keV quasi-energetic FEL source and various detector temporal resolutions ranging from 1 to 1000 ps. An inhomogeneous breast phantom of similar size was also imaged using the same system setup. Results show that a detector temporal resolution of 10 ps improved the image contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 57% and reduced the scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) by 8.63 for a small cylindrical phantom. For the breast phantom, the image CNR was enhanced by 12% and the SPR was reduced by 1.35 at 5 ps temporal resolution.