Steady State Modeling for Variable Frequency AC Power Flow

TL;DR

This paper develops and validates models for steady state power flow calculations with variable frequency, enabling analysis of transmission capacity and constraints across different frequencies for power systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analytical framework for quantifying power flow capacity as a function of frequency, validated with real transmission line data.

Findings

Power flow capacity varies with frequency due to different active constraints.

Models enable system-level studies with variable frequency using optimal power flow.

Demonstrated applicability on a practical transmission line.

Abstract

Advantages of operating portions of a power system at frequencies different from the standard 50 or 60 Hz have been demonstrated in the low frequency AC (LFAC) and high voltage DC (HVDC) literature. Branches constrained by stability or thermal limits can benefit from increased capacity and flexibility. Since advances in power electronics enable the choice of an operating frequency, tools are needed to make this choice. In order to quantify the advantages as functions of frequency, this paper provides models for steady state calculations with frequency as a variable and validates the modeling assumptions. It then introduces an analytical quantification of the power flow capacity of a transmission branch as a function of frequency, demonstrating different active constraints across the range of frequency. The modeling and power flow calculations are demonstrated for a practical transmission line using manufacturer data. The models presented here provide a foundation for system level studies with variable frequency using optimal power flow.