Universal behavior of mass gaps existing in the single heavy baryon family

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the universal patterns of mass gaps in single heavy baryons using a constituent quark model, explaining their behavior and predicting masses of unobserved excited states.

Contribution

It introduces a quantitative explanation for the universal mass gap behaviors in heavy baryons within a constituent quark framework and predicts masses of missing excited states.

Findings

Universal mass gap behaviors are explained quantitatively.

Predictions for masses of unobserved excited $\\Xi_b^0$ baryons.

Discussion of mass gaps in $\\rho$-mode excitations.

Abstract

The mass gaps existing in the discovered single heavy flavor baryons are analyzed, which show some universal behaviors. Under the framework of a constituent quark model, we quantitatively explain why such interesting phenomenon happens, when these established excited heavy baryons are regarded as the $\lambda$-mode excitations. Based on the universal behaviors of the discussed mass gaps, we may have three implications including the prediction of the masses of excited $\Xi_b^0$ baryons which are still missing in the experiment. For completeness, we also discuss the mass gaps of these $\rho$-mode excited single heavy flavor baryons.