The past and future obliquity of Saturn as Titan migrates
Melaine Saillenfest, Giacomo Lari, Gwena\"el Bou\'e, Ariane Courtot

TL;DR
This study investigates how Titan's migration could have influenced Saturn's obliquity, suggesting that past migration likely caused the current tilt and predicting future increases, with implications for Saturn's internal structure.
Contribution
It quantifies the likelihood of Titan's migration affecting Saturn's obliquity and constrains the parameters influencing this process, providing new insights into Saturn's tilt evolution.
Findings
Primordial obliquities between 2° and 7° best reproduce current tilt.
Saturn's obliquity could exceed 65° in the future.
Migration of Titan is a plausible cause for Saturn's current tilt.
Abstract
Aims: It has recently been shown that the fast migration of Titan could be responsible for the current 26.7{\deg}-tilt of Saturn's spin axis. We aim to quantify the level of generality of this result and to measure the most likely sets of parameters. We also aim to determine the obliquity that Saturn will reach in the future. Methods: We explore a broad range of parameters and propagate numerically the orientation of Saturn's spin axis both backward and forward in time. Results: In the adiabatic regime, the likelihood of reproducing Saturn's current spin-axis orientation is maximised for primordial obliquities between about 2{\deg} and 7{\deg}. For a slightly faster migration than expected from radio-science experiments, non-adiabatic effects even allow for exactly null primordial obliquities. Starting from such small tilts, Saturn's spin axis can evolve up to its current state…
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