A local baseline of the black hole mass scaling relations for active galaxies. IV. Correlations between $M_{\rm BH}$ and host galaxy $\sigma$, stellar mass, and luminosity

TL;DR

This study uses Hubble and Gemini imaging combined with Keck kinematics to analyze the correlations between supermassive black hole mass and host galaxy properties in local active galaxies, confirming tight relations with low scatter.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of black hole-host galaxy correlations in local active galaxies, validating virial estimators and showing consistency across different galaxy types.

Findings

Tight correlations with intrinsic scatter 0.2-0.4 dex.

No difference between pseudo and classical bulges.

MBH-$\sigma$ relation agrees with reverberation mapping results.

Abstract

The tight correlations between the mass of supermassive black holes ($M_{\rm BH}$) and their host-galaxy properties have been of great interest to the astrophysical community, but a clear understanding of their origin and fundamental drivers still eludes us. The local relations for active galaxies are interesting in their own right and form the foundation for any evolutionary study over cosmic time. We present Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging of a sample of 66 local active galactic nuclei (AGNs); for 14 objects, we also obtained Gemini near-infrared images. We use state of the art methods to perform surface photometry of the AGN host galaxies, decomposing them in spheroid, disk and bar (when present) and inferring the luminosity and stellar mass of the components. We combine this information with spatially-resolved kinematics obtained at the Keck Telescopes to study the correlations between $M_{\rm BH}$ (determined from single-epoch virial estimators) and host galaxy properties. The correlations are uniformly tight for our AGN sample, with intrinsic scatter 0.2-0.4 dex, smaller than or equal to that of quiescent galaxies. We find no difference between pseudo and classical bulges or barred and non-barred galaxies. We show that all the tight correlations can be simultaneously satisfied by AGN hosts in the 10$^7$-10$^9$ $M_{\odot}$ regime, with data of sufficient quality. The MBH-$\sigma$ relation is also in agreement with that of AGNs with $M_{\rm BH}$ obtained from reverberation mapping, providing an indirect validation of single-epoch virial estimators of $M_{\rm BH}$.