Extraction of the multiplicity dependence of Multiparton Interactions from LHC pp data using Machine Learning techniques

TL;DR

This paper uses machine learning to analyze LHC proton-proton collision data, revealing how the average number of multiparton interactions depends on collision energy and multiplicity, and providing insights into heavy-ion-like effects in small systems.

Contribution

The study extends previous ML-based analysis to new LHC data at 7 TeV, showing energy dependence and multiplicity trends of MPI, and compares results with experimental measurements.

Findings

Average MPI number at 7 TeV is approximately 3.98.

MPI increases roughly linearly with charged-particle multiplicity.

Deviations from linearity at high multiplicity suggest bias towards harder processes.

Abstract

Over the last years, Machine Learning (ML) methods have been successfully applied to a wealth of problems in high-energy physics. For instance, in a previous work we have reported that using ML techniques one can extract the Multiparton Interactions (MPI) activity from minimum-bias pp data. Using the available LHC data on transverse momentum spectra as a function of multiplicity, we reported the average number of MPI ($\langle N_{\rm mpi} \rangle$) for minimum-bias pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ and 13\,TeV. In this work, we apply the same analysis to a new set of data. We report that $\langle N_{\rm mpi} \rangle$ amounts to $3.98 \pm 1.01$ for minimum-bias pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$\,TeV. These complementary results suggest a modest center-of-mass energy dependence of $\langle N_{\rm mpi} \rangle$. The study is further extended aimed at extracting the multiplicity dependence of $\langle N_{\rm mpi} \rangle$ for the three center-of-mass energies. We show that our results qualitatively agree with existing ALICE measurements sensitive to MPI. Namely, $\langle N_{\rm mpi} \rangle$ increases approximately linearly with the charged-particle multiplicity. But, it deviates from the linear dependence at large charged-particle multiplicities. The deviation from the linear trend can be explained in terms of a bias towards harder processes given the multiplicity selection at mid-pseudorapidity. The results reported in this paper provide additional evidence of the presence of MPI in pp collisions, and they can be useful for a better understanding of the heavy-ion-like behaviour observed in pp data.