Asymmetric Si-slot Coupler with Nonreciprocal Response Based on Graphene Saturable Absorption

TL;DR

This paper introduces a nonlinear broadband optical isolator using an asymmetric silicon-slot coupler with graphene, leveraging ultrafast saturable absorption for nonreciprocal light transmission, with potential applications in integrated photonics.

Contribution

It presents a novel graphene-based nonlinear silicon-slot coupler device exhibiting nonreciprocal transmission, analyzed through coupled Schrödinger equations and finite element simulations.

Findings

Achieves a nonreciprocal intensity range around 100 mW peak power.

Operates over a bandwidth of tens of nanometers from CW to ps pulses.

Identifies two NRIR with opposite directionality due to saturable absorption and Kerr effect.

Abstract

We present the study of a proof-of-concept integrated device that can be used as a nonlinear broadband isolator. The device is based on the asymmetric loading of a highly-confining silicon-slot photonic coupler with graphene layers, whose ultrafast and low-threshold saturable absorption can be exploited for nonreciprocal transmission between the cross-ports of the coupler. The structure is essentially a non-Hermitian system, whose exceptional points are briefly discussed. The nonlinear device is modeled with a coupled Schrodinger equation system whose validity is checked by full-vector finite element-based beam-propagation method simulations in CW. The numerically computed performance reveals a nonreciprocal intensity range (NRIR) in the vicinity of 100 mW peak power with a bandwidth spanning tens of nanometers, from CW down to ps-long pulses. Finally, the combination of saturable absorption and self-phase modulation (Kerr effect) in graphene is studied, indicating the existence of two NRIR with opposite directionality.