Electronic structure and transport properties of sol-gel-derived high-entropy Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 thin films

TL;DR

This study investigates the electronic structure and charge transport in sol-gel-derived high-entropy Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 thin films, revealing temperature-dependent band gap narrowing and dual charge transport mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the electronic band structure and charge transport mechanisms of high-entropy Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 thin films, which were previously unexplored.

Findings

Band gap narrows with increased annealing temperature.

Semiconductor-like behavior observed in all films.

Identification of thermally-activated and activation-less transport mechanisms.

Abstract

High-entropy perovskite thin films, as the prototypical representative of the high-entropy oxides with novel electrical and magnetic features, have recently attracted great attention. Here, we reported the electronic structure and charge transport properties of sol-gel-derived high-entropy Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3 thin films annealed at various temperatures. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectrum, it is found that the conduction-band-minimum shifts downward and the valence-band-maximum shifts upward with the increase of annealing temperature, leading to the narrowed band gap. Electrical resistance measurements confirmed a semiconductor-like behavior for all the thin films. Two charge transport mechanisms, i.e., the thermally-activated transport mechanism at high temperatures and the activation-less transport mechanism at low temperatures, are identified by a self-consistent analysis method. These findings provide a critical insight into the electronic band structure and charge transport behavior of Ba(Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2)O3, validating it as a compelling high-entropy oxide material for future electronic/energy-related technologies.