Opportunities for long-range magnon-mediated entanglement of spin qubits via on- and off-resonant coupling

TL;DR

This paper predicts strong long-distance NV center coupling via magnons in ferromagnetic structures, comparing protocols for entanglement generation, and providing guidance for experimental realization of solid-state spin qubit entanglement.

Contribution

It introduces optimized geometries and protocols for magnon-mediated NV-NV entanglement, advancing scalable quantum information processing.

Findings

Strong NV-NV coupling over micrometer distances predicted

Comparison of on-resonant and off-resonant entanglement protocols

Feasibility demonstrated at low temperatures with realistic conditions

Abstract

The ability to manipulate entanglement between multiple spatially-separated qubits is essential for quantum information processing. Although nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond provide a promising qubit platform, developing scalable two-qubit gates remains a well-known challenge. To this end, magnon-mediated entanglement proposals have attracted attention due to their long-range spin-coherent propagation. Optimal device geometries and gate protocols of such schemes, however, have yet to be determined. Here we predict strong long-distance ($>\mu$m) NV-NV coupling via magnon modes with cooperativities exceeding unity in ferromagnetic bar and waveguide structures. Moreover, we explore and compare on-resonant transduction and off-resonant virtual-magnon exchange protocols, and discuss their suitability for generating or manipulating entangled states at low temperatures ($T\lesssim 150$ mK) under realistic experimental conditions. This work will guide future experiments that aim to entangle spin qubits in solids with magnon excitations.