Compositionally Graded SS316 to C300 Maraging Steel using Additive Manufacturing

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the use of additive manufacturing with directed energy deposition to create compositionally graded joints between SS316L and C300 maraging steel, avoiding intermetallic phases and ensuring smooth property transitions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel additive manufacturing approach for joining dissimilar metals with graded composition, improving joint integrity and microstructure.

Findings

Successful fabrication of graded joints with 13 layers

No intermetallic phases detected at the interface

Mechanical properties comparable to base materials

Abstract

Joining of dissimilar metals is required for numerous applications in industries such as chemical, energy and automotive. It is challenging due to differences in melting point, density, and thermal expansion of the metals being joined. Common welding techniques involve limiting melting and solidification to a narrow area leading to high thermal stresses and potentially brittle intermetallic phases. Furthermore, the geometric complexity of these welded joints can be rather limited. Additive Manufacturing (AM) presents new techniques for joining of dissimilar metals. One of the emerging methods is the building of functionally graded parts using Directed Energy Deposition (DED) to spatially vary composition. In this paper, a SS316L and C300 maraging steel couple were joined by DED and heat treated. 13 discrete composition layers were selected using metallurgical considerations, in order to ensure a smooth transition in properties and microstructure. The mechanical properties of the as-built joints were found to be similar to the SS part and no intermetallic phases were found in the interface.