FUBOCO: Structure Synthesis of Basic Op-Amps by FUnctional BlOck COmposition

TL;DR

This paper introduces FUBOCO, a hierarchical, functional block-based method for automatic synthesis of operational amplifier structures, significantly reducing search space and improving design efficiency.

Contribution

It presents a novel hierarchical composition graph approach that combines heuristic and enumerative search for op-amp structure synthesis, incorporating functional block knowledge.

Findings

Developed a composition graph spanning thousands of meaningful structures

Reduced search space through functional block formalization

Validated approach on three op-amp classes with promising results

Abstract

This paper presents a method to automatically synthesize the structure of an operational amplifier. It is positioned between approaches with fixed design plans and a small search space of structures and approaches with generic structural production rules and a large search space with technically impractical structures. The presented approach develops a hierarchical composition graph based on functional blocks that spans a search space of thousands of technically meaningful structure variants for single-output, fully-differential and complementary operational amplifiers. The search algorithm is a combined heuristic and enumerative process. The evaluation is based on circuit sizing with a library of behavioral equations of functional blocks. Formalizing the knowledge of functional blocks in op-amps for structural synthesis and sizing inherently reduces the search space and lessens the number of created topologies not fulfilling the specifications. Experimental results for the three op-amp classes are presented. An outlook how this method can be extended to multi-stage op-amps is given.